Louis Pasteur

1822–1895 · France · Architect of germ theory and vaccines.

Contribution

  • Disproved spontaneous generation (swan-neck flask experiments).
  • Established microbial causes of fermentation and disease (Germ Theory).
  • Invented pasteurization.
  • Developed vaccines (notably anthrax and rabies) using attenuation ideas.

Why It Still Matters

Pasteur linked laboratory microbiology to public health and immunization. Pasteurization and vaccine logic remain everyday tools.

Active Recall

  1. How did swan-neck flasks argue against spontaneous generation?
  2. Name two vaccines associated with Pasteur’s work.