Carl Woese

1928–2012 · USA · Redrew the tree of life.

Contribution

In 1977, used 16S ribosomal RNA phylogenetics to discover Archaea as a third domain of life alongside Bacteria and Eukarya — replacing a simpler prokaryote/eukaryote split.

Why It Still Matters

16S (and related marker genes) still power microbial identification, microbiome surveys, and phylogenetic diagnostics. Taxonomy became molecular.

Active Recall

  1. What molecule did Woese use for phylogeny?
  2. What third domain did he propose?